Facility agriculture is a modern agricultural production mode that comprehensively uses modern biology, engineering and information technology to improve local environment, provide relatively controllable environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, light, water, fertilizer and air for animal and plant production, establish an annual continuous production system of animals and plants on limited land, and has the characteristics of high technology content, high input, high output and high benefit. In 2022, the No. 1 central document of the Central Government clearly proposed to "accelerate the development of facility agriculture". Hebei Province is a big agricultural province. The development of facility agriculture is of great practical significance to improve the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of agricultural development in our province, to enhance the level of agricultural modernization, and to realize the leap from a big agricultural province to a strong agricultural province.
Importance of vigorously developing facility agriculture
The development of facility agriculture is an important starting point to promote the revitalization of rural industries. Supported by science and technology and guided by the market, facility agriculture represents the development direction of modern agriculture and is one of the important indicators to measure the level of agricultural modernization in a country or region. Facility agriculture can effectively improve land productivity, labor productivity and total factor productivity of agriculture, help promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional planting and breeding industry to modern agriculture, promote the transformation of farmers from farming to agricultural workers, expand the channels for farmers to increase income and agricultural value-added space, and enable rural revitalization.
Developing facility agriculture is an important measure to promote the modernization of agricultural infrastructure to a new level. Compared with field agriculture, facility agriculture overcomes the uncertainty of traditional agriculture that depends on the weather and has poor ability to resist natural disasters. It relies on modern equipment, facilities and technologies to provide a more suitable environment for planting or breeding. Through artificial intelligence, Internet of Things technology, crop model and other technologies, it realizes mechanization, precision and standardization of agricultural production, and carries digital agriculture, smart agriculture, water-saving agriculture and environmental regulation The application of many scientific and technological achievements in vegetable production, nutrition and health.
The development of facility agriculture is an important guarantee for achieving food security and vegetable basket security and enhancing the comprehensive agricultural production capacity. The development of facility agriculture in line with local conditions can promote the transformation of food supply from single production to multiple supply, and better meet the escalating demand for agricultural products. On the basis of protecting the ecological environment, making full use of idle land and abandoned land to develop facility agriculture can greatly improve the land output rate, effectively guarantee food security and vegetable basket security, and promote high-quality agricultural development.
The development of facility agriculture is an important means to make full use of the supply advantages of fresh agricultural products in Hebei and promote the development of the new industry type of integration of three industries. Most of the facility agriculture is based on the production of fresh agricultural products, with a small market radius. The development of Beijing Tianjin Hebei urban agglomeration has sharply increased the demand for high-end fresh agricultural products. The development of facility agriculture in Hebei has obvious regional advantages and market advantages. The facility agricultural production organization is more factory oriented, the environmental facilities are more friendly and controllable, and the products are more characteristic and high-quality. The fruits and vegetables are suitable for picking longer than the traditional open-air cultivation. It can integrate leisure sightseeing, picking experience and customized production to provide diversified services. A new type of business with facility agricultural production as the main body and the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries is conducive to improving agricultural added value, expanding farmers' sharing of value-added gains from agricultural product processing and sales, and promoting common prosperity of farmers.
Countermeasures and suggestions for vigorously developing facility agriculture
At present, our province's facility agriculture has shown a good momentum of development, but it should also be noted that there is still a certain gap compared with developed regions in terms of technical level, product system, element support, service support, and technological innovation of facility agriculture. According to the actual situation of our province, efforts should be made in the following aspects to accelerate the development of facility agriculture.
Strengthen overall planning and zoning layout. The development strategy of facility agriculture in our province is planned and designed with high standards, and the facility types, planting varieties, planting patterns and industrial formats are rationally distributed by zones according to the original industrial basic conditions of different agricultural ecological types, counties and districts, and the market demand levels of products. Around Beijing, Tianjin and Xiongyang and around the metropolis, we will focus on the development of modern facility agricultural industrial parks with strong market competitiveness, and make good use of the central support policies. In the east and south central Hebei production areas with good basic conditions, the equipment level of solar greenhouses and sheds should be further upgraded, and the supply of fruits and vegetables based on orders should be developed. The province should speed up the construction of an annual supply structure combining plant factory, solar greenhouse, arch shed facility planting and open field cultivation, and gradually form a new pattern of facility agriculture with industrial cluster development, advanced elements gathering, and complete industrial chain.
Strengthen policy guidance and industrial support. Implement policies according to different types of facilities, give priority to supporting industrialized seedling production, accelerate the standardization and normalization of greenhouse, upgrade the facilities and equipment of backward greenhouse, and encourage plant factories and digital ranches to implement energy-saving and circular economy transformation. We will increase financial investment, guide and facilitate the entry of financial and social capital, and form a multi-channel, diversified and multi-level capital investment pattern and guarantee mechanism. The pilot project of facility agriculture insurance was introduced, and the facility vegetable greenhouses were included in the province's agricultural machinery purchase subsidies, so as to support the construction of facility agriculture on idle land and abandoned land. Adhere to the integration design of facility agriculture projects with rural revitalization projects, agricultural modernization demonstration areas, characteristic agricultural clusters, modern agricultural industrial parks, leading counties in agricultural science and technology modernization, rural revitalization demonstration areas, etc., give play to the overlapping effect of policies, and promote the development of facility agriculture in our province to achieve strategic upgrading.
Improve the level of facilities, equipment and scientific and technological research and development. For different types of facilities in different regions, we will increase research and development efforts, focus on the practicality, standardization and standardization of facilities, promote the upgrading of production facilities from traditional simple to high-performance, focus on the development of land saving, energy-saving, steel skeleton, large space new type sheds, and enhance the comprehensive production and emergency support capabilities of the facility base. We will focus on supporting equipment research and development, make full use of modern information technology, control technology, artificial intelligence technology, Internet of Things technology, etc., to achieve intelligent facilities and equipment, and promote digitalization, energy conservation and greening of agricultural production. Make full use of the intelligent equipment achievements of agricultural research institutes and other institutions to accelerate the integration and application of environmental intelligent regulation, water fertilizer integration, information monitoring and automatic control and other technical equipment. Give play to the role of provincial vegetable industry innovation team, and focus on supporting major key core technology innovation and promotion demonstration. We will encourage and guide universities, research institutes and enterprises to establish industrial technology alliances, tackle key problems through multidisciplinary and multisectoral collaborative innovation, and lead the development of facility agriculture through innovation.
Introduce leading enterprises and service-oriented enterprises in facility agriculture. At present, our province has shortcomings in the structure of facilities, environmental control capacity and other aspects, and the output per unit area and economic benefits are relatively low. We should make full use of the opportunity of coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, introduce more leading enterprises of Beijing Tianjin facility agriculture, and accelerate the implementation and transformation of technical achievements in our province, such as facility design and construction, environmental regulation, water and fertilizer precision control, soilless cultivation, etc. For service oriented facility agriculture leading enterprises that provide integrated solutions in finance leasing, seedling introduction, base construction, quality control, sales channels, brand creation, etc., corresponding policy support will be given in finance, tax, credit, etc. Adhere to the principle of "market orientation, coordination and cooperation", promote the better connection between the upstream, middle and downstream industrial entities, and achieve the integrated development of primary, secondary and tertiary industries.